Federal Regulation: Licensing, Registration, and Remote ID

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) regulates drone operations primarily under Part 107. Commercial drone pilots must hold a remote pilot certificate, which can be obtained through a knowledge test or, for licensed pilots, an online training course and a recent flight review. Drones weighing more than 0.55 lb must be registered, with the registration number clearly marked on the aircraft.

Since March 2024, Remote ID is mandatory, requiring drones to broadcast identification, location, altitude, and operator information. This can be done through built-in technology, an external broadcast module, or by flying in designated FAA-Recognized Identification Areas (FRIAs).

Operational Rules and Airspace Access

Under Part 107, drones must stay within visual line of sight, fly at or below 400 feet, and remain clear of other aircraft. Flying over people, operating at night, or going beyond visual line of sight requires specific FAA waivers, though proposed changes may loosen some restrictions.

Pilots flying in controlled airspace must request authorization, often using the Low Altitude Authorization and Notification Capability (LAANC) system for near-instant approval.

National Security and Counter-UAS Measures

Recent executive actions have focused on protecting critical infrastructure and improving drone tracking capabilities. These measures include expanding restricted flight areas, enhancing geofencing data for operators, and developing a federal task force to address drone-related threats. Agencies are also increasing the use of detection and counter-UAS technologies to prevent unauthorized flights in sensitive areas.

Enforcement, Safety Concerns, and Manufacturer Practices

Reports of near-midair collisions between drones and manned aircraft—especially near major airports—have led to heightened safety measures. The FAA is collaborating with other agencies to detect and intercept unauthorized drones. Some manufacturers have adjusted their geofencing policies, shifting toward operator alerts rather than automatic flight blocks, which places more responsibility on pilots to follow rules.

Local and State Law Considerations

Alongside federal laws, many states have enacted additional drone regulations, often focusing on privacy and trespassing concerns. Several states prohibit using drones for surveillance over private property without consent. Some have also restricted flights near critical infrastructure, although enforcement must align with federal jurisdiction since drones are considered aircraft.

U.S. drone law currently emphasizes licensing, registration, Remote ID compliance, and safe operation under FAA Part 107 rules. New federal directives are expanding airspace protections and improving enforcement technologies. State laws may add privacy and safety measures, but federal oversight remains the primary authority for regulating drone use nationwide.